Research for BothGabriela Burkhalter Page 13 "Carl Theodor Sorensen's Skramellegeplads ("Junk Playground") in Emdrup Denmark in 1946. I had similar moments of unbelievable astonishment as I learned more and more about the history of playgrounds. What at first seemed like an insignificant niche turned out to be a realm of public experimentation, a cause of conflict between innovative and established perspectives, and something for both adults and children to project their desires onto - in short, playgrounds are sites of subversive potential." Page 14 "They were meant to promote public health, to prevent criminality, and to supervise children and protect them from the dangers of the city." Page 20 "Unlike the playground of the social reformers, the focus was now on free play as one of children's fundamental needs." Page 21 "In the Skrammellegeplads as he first realised it in Endrup in 1943, Sorensen made even more room for the creative moment: the children were given materials and tools to build their own worlds." "In New York at the beginning of the 1930s, the Japanese-American artist Isamu Noguchi was the first to design landscapes for play. Doing completely without playground equipment, his designs focused on sand, water and landscaping." Page 29 "The architect and artist Riccardo Dalisi was an exponent of "radical design" or anti-design, which replaced functionality and established taste with creativity." "Dalisi was actually less interested in play than in encourage children to find their own language. He and his students always took models and materials along and invited children to be inspired by them to build things, to realise their own ideas, and to respond to the space that refused them by occupying it." Page 33 "Recently, architects have also begun to rediscover the playground as a space of creative freedom. In 2014, the English architectural collective Assemble build the Baltic Adventure Playground in Glasgow." "In response to the chaos, we wanted to create a space that children could take control of - somewhere they could do things for themselves." - Assemble. Page 35 "In time of change and crisis, the most important element is the people themselves. Therefore I believe that all cultural activities should be designed to encourage the personal initiative and sense of responsibility in each individual, thereby creating and inspiring a sense of personal dignity, self respect, and community spirit. All cultural activities should, I believe, be dependant on participation and involvement by the inhabitants in their specific localised environment." Robert Rauschenberg, 1968. Page 57 "Adventure playgrounds are places where children of all ages can develop their own ideas of play." "It is my opinion that children ought to be free and by themselves to the greatest possible extent." Marjory Allen, 1969. As a lot of my practice research has been about playgrounds, I found it necessary that I include playground concepts within my research report because it's a place that does exhibit children's development via play. It's possible to see children independantly use and learn more about their social identity, and the physicality of the world, through their developing skills.
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